Mental HealthMajor Study Highlights Weight Differences Among 3-19 Year-olds With Type 1 And 2 Diabetes
A major study of three to 19 year-olds has provided vital data on the weight problems
faced by the growing number of children and young people with type 1 diabetes,
which is more prevalent in younger age groups than type 2 diabetes.
The findings of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group, published online by
Pediatric Diabetes, show that children and youths with type 1 diabetes are more
likely to be overweight than those without diabetes.
Researchers from six clinical centres across the USA took part in the study, which
compared data from 3,953 diabetics, aged between three and 19, taking part in the
SEARCH study, with data for 7,666 non-diabetic children and youths from a national
US study.
"The links between type 2 diabetes and excess weight are well documented, but are
less clear in type 1 diabetes which affects less than 10 per cent of people with
diabetes but is more common in children and young people" explains lead
researcher Dr Lenna Liu from the Center for Child Health, Behavior and
Development at Seattle Children"s Hospital USA.
"When people have diabetes their blood glucose can become too high" she
continues. "In type 1 diabetes, this happens because an autoimmune process has
destroyed the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, allowing glucose levels to
rise. Type 2 diabetes occurs when not enough insulin is being produced or the
insulin is not working properly. Traditionally a disease in overweight adults, type 2
diabetes is increasingly being seen in younger patients as childhood obesity levels
increase."
The population-based study looked at a racially and ethnically diverse group of
children and young people with diabetes and compared them with the non-diabetic
control group.
Most of the children and youths who took part in the study had type 1 diabetes (89
%) and tended to be younger - 49% of the type 1 group were aged three to 11,
compared to 7% of the type 2 group.
The type 1 diabetes subjects were equally split between male and female and threequarters
(75%) were non-Hispanic White, 12% were Hispanic, 9% were African
American, 4% were Asian/Pacific Islanders and 1% were American Indian.
Key finding included:
- Non-Hispanic White males aged from three to 11 with type 1 diabetes were more
likely to be overweight/obese than females (34% versus 27%) while females were
more likely to be overweight/obese when they were 12-19 years of age (37%
versus 29%).
- African American females were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese in
both age groups than males (54/55% versus 36/36%) but there were no
significant differences between Hispanic males and females.
- More than a fifth of the children and youths with type 1 diabetes (22%) were
overweight, compared with 10% of those with type 2 diabetes and 16% of those
without diabetes.
- When this was broken down by race/ethnicity, 28% of Hispanic children and
youths with type 1 diabetes were overweight, as were 24% of Asian/Pacific
Islanders, 23% of African Americans, 21% of non-Hispanic Whites and 15% of
American Indians.
- The figures for children and youths with type 2 diabetes showed that 15% of
Asian/Pacific Islanders were overweight, as were 14% of non-Hispanic Whites
and 11% of Hispanics.
- Approximately one in eight children and youths with type 1 diabetes (13%) were
obese, less than the 79% of subjects with type 2 diabetes and the 17% without
diabetes.
- When this was broken down by race/ethnicity, 20% of African American children
and youths with type 1 diabetes were obese, as were 17% of Hispanics, 17% of
Asian/Pacific Islanders and 11% of non-Hispanic Whites.
- The figures for children and youths with type 2 diabetes showed that 91% of
African Americans were obese, as were 88% of American Indians and 75% of
Hispanics.
"Knowing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and young people
with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is very important as it helps us to identify those
individuals - by age, gender or race/ethnicity - who face the greatest risk of the
clinical complications associated with excess weight" say Dr Liu.
"We feel that further studies are critical to help us to better understand how weight
causes complications in the growing number of children and young people with
diabetes and influences the diagnosis and treatment they receive."
The study was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and
the National Institutes of Health.
Notes
- Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with diabetes in USA: the SEARCH for Diabetes in
Youth Study. Liu et al. Pediatric Diabetes. Published online.
- Pediatric Diabetes is a bi-monthly journal devoted to disseminating new knowledge relating to the
epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, management, complications and prevention of diabetes in
childhood and adolescence. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118545642/home
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