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Gpx5: Sperm Shouldn't Leave The Testes Without This Protein
Joel Drevet and colleagues, at Clermont Universitç©, France, have identified a protein that helps protect immature mouse sperm after they have been released into a region of the testis known as the epididymis, which is where they undergo maturation. Although male mice lacking this protein, Gpx5, had normal looking sperm and were equally as efficient as normal male mice at fertilizing female mice, an increased incidence of miscarriages and fetal developmental defects were observed when normal female mice were mated with Gpx5-deficient males over 1 year old compared with normal male mice of the same age. Further analysis indicated that Gpx5 acts as an antioxidant in the epididymis, protecting the sperm from oxidative stress. As discussed by the authors, and, in an accompanying commentary, John Aitken, at the University of Newcastle, Australia, these data have immense clinical relevance as age-related DNA damage to human sperm has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes including decreased fertility, and increased rates of miscarriage and childhood disease.
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Study Finds Evidence Of Malaria Origins, Could Lead To Vaccine Development
"Malaria may have jumped to humans from chimpanzees much as AIDS did, U.S. researchers reported on Monday in a [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences] study they hope could help in developing a vaccine against the infection," Reuters reports. The researchers found evidence the Plasmodium falciparum parasite that "causes most cases of malaria is a close genetic relative of a parasite found in chimpanzees," the news service writes (8/4).
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FDA Approves SAMSCA(TM) (tolvaptan), The First And Only Oral Vasopressin Antagonist To Treat Patients With Clinically Significant Hypervolemic
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (OPC) and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc. (OPDC) announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved SAMSCA(TM) (tolvaptan) as the only oral selective vasopressin antagonist for the treatment of patients with clinically significant hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 125 mEq/L, or less marked hyponatremia that is symptomatic and has resisted correction with fluid restriction) including patients with heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). Patients requiring urgent treatment to raise serum sodium to prevent or to treat serious neurological deficits should not be treated with SAMSCA. Additionally, it has not been established that raising serum sodium with SAMSCA provides a symptomatic benefit to patients. SAMSCA, an oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, will be commercialized in the United States by Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. (OAPI).
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Asian Pneumonia Prevention Organization Calls For Required Pneumonia Vaccine In India

The Asian Strategic Alliance for Pneumococcal Disease Prevention (ASAP) is calling for the pneumonia vaccine to become an official part of India"s required list of immunizations, the Times of India reports. According to the newspaper, Nithin Shah, chairman of ASAP India chapter, said there is an "immediate need to take steps to control and prevent pneumonia morbidity and mortality," which is the leading cause of death among children younger than age five in India, according to international child health experts (7/26). At the Mangalore Pneumococcal Disease Conference, hosted by the ASAP India chapter and the Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP), the physician Jeeson Unni said, "India leads the world in under-five mortality, with [2,000,000] children dying every year. Of these, four lakh [400,000] deaths are due to pneumonia," PTI/Hindu reports. Shah said, "Half of all severe cases of pneumonia and pneumonia deaths are caused by pneumococcus and almost 40 percent of these deaths i.e. nearly one lakh [100,000] under-five deaths, are preventable by use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the National Immunisation Programme." In Western trials, the vaccine has proven to be 90 percent effective against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), Shah said, adding, "Even in countries like South Africa the trials have shown 80 percent efficacy of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against IPD." Unni added that the disease "kills more children than any other illness - more than AIDS, malaria and measles combined -according to UNICEF data." Srinivas G Kasi, a physician, said though doctors use antibiotics to treat children with pneumonia, increasing incidence of drug-resistant pneumococcus is a cause for concern (7/26). "A note issued by ASAP stated" the successful childhood national immunisation programme with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine "has shown significant benefits passed on to even unvaccinated people of all ages due to the herd immunity," the Times of India writes. ASAP India and IAP have recommended use of the vaccine on "one-to-one basis as per the IAP immunisation schedule," the newspaper reports (7/26). This information was reprinted from globalhealth.kff.org with kind permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Global Health Policy Report, search the archives and sign up for email delivery at globalhealth.kff.org. © Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. All rights reserved.


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